Leitura clínica
Comentário
É analgésico opioide utilizado para tratar dor moderada a intensa, dependência a opioides e síndrome de abstinência neonatal a opiáceos. Administração oral, intramuscular, intravenosa e subcutânea. Excreta-se em leite materno em quantidade clinicamente não significativa (Bogen 2011, Nikolaou 2008, Jansson 2008 e 2007, Begg 2001, McCarthy 2000, Wojnar 1997, Geraghty 1997, Pond 1985, Kreek 1979 e 1974, Blinick 1975). Não se observaram problemas em bebês que mamam cujas mães tomavam (Malpas 1999, Wojnar 1997, Blinick 1975). Níveis em plasma daqueles bebês foram indetectáveis ou muito baixos (Jansson 2008 e 2008, Wojnar 1997). Exposição do recém-nascido a metadona através leite materno é insuficiente para prevenir desenvolvimento de síndrome de abstinência neonatal (Wojnar 1997). Dose que recebe o bebê que mama através leite de sua mãe, inclusive em mães que tomam 70 a 150 mg/dia, é muito inferior à usada para tratar síndrome de abstinência neonatal pelo que não pode empregar-se como único meio de tratamento. Síndrome de abstinência neonatal a metadona é infrequente, menos grave, com menor necessidade de tratamento farmacológico e aparição mais tardia em bebês que mamam que em não que amamentam (McQueen 2019, Wachman 2017, Short 2016, Liu 2015, Bagley 2014, Sutter 2014, Welle 2013, Pritham 2012, Hodgson 2012, McQueen 2011, Isemann 2011, Dryden 2009, Jansson 2008, Miles 2007, Abdel 2006, Arlettaz 2005, Malpas 1997). Síndrome de abstinência neonatal pode aparecer após desmame brusco em bebês que mamam de mães em manutenção com metadona. Desmame deve ser gradual para evitar sua aparição (Isemann 2011, Malpas 1999). Metadona pode causar galactorreia por aumento de prolactina (Bennett 2006, Tolis 1978). Frequência e duração de amamentação são muito baixas em mães dependentes de opiáceos (Wachman 2010, Jansson 2004). Muitos recém-nascidos de mães com adição a drogas são prematuros ou de baixo peso e mais de 60% desenvolvem síndrome de abstinência de cerca de um mês de duração. Amamentação em todo este contexto não é fácil nem frequente em mães dependentes e precisa-se muito apoio sanitário e dos serviços sociais comunidade. Autores especialistas consideram compatível o uso desta medicação durante amamentação (Hale, ACOG 2017, ABM 2015, Briggs 2015, Schaefer 2015, Kocherlakota 2014, Bagley 2014, Sachs 2013, Logan 2013, Rowe 2013, D'Apolito 2013, Nice 2004, Moretti 2000). Academia Estadunidense de Pediatria: medicação geralmente compatível com amamentação (AAP 2001). É preciso assegurar-se de que não haja policonsumo de drogas e adequação dos cuidados maternos.
Encontrabilidade
Outros nomes e marcas
Sinônimos e grafias 7
- Clorhidrato de amidina
- Fenadona.
- Μεθαδόνη
- ميثادون
- Метадона Гидрохлорид
- 塩酸メタドン
- N07BC02
Marcas comerciais na fonte 17
- Biodone
- Dolophine
- Eptadone
- Gobbidona
- Ketalgin
- Martindale Methadone Mixture DTF
- Metacalmans
- Metadol
- Metafin (Метафин)
- Metapad
- Metasedin
- Methadose
- Misyo
- Mytedom
- Physeptone
- Rubidexol
- Sedo
Dados da fonte
Farmacocinética
| Variável | Valor | Unidade |
|---|---|---|
| Biodisp. oral | 50 (35 - 90) | % |
| Peso Molecular | 346 | daltons |
| Unión proteínas | 85 - 90 | % |
| Vd | 4,1 (2 -7) | l/Kg |
| Tmax | 1,5 - 5 | horas |
| T½ | 7 - 59 | horas |
| Índice L/P | 0,7 - 1,2 | - |
| Dosis Teórica | 0,02 - 0,08 | mg/Kg/d |
| Dosis Relativa | 1,2 - 7 | % |
| Dosis Rel. Ped. | 8 | % |
Rastreabilidade
Bibliografia
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