Levonorgestrel (oral, implante, DIU)

Compatibilidade

Compatível

Seguro, melhor opção

Produto seguro e/ou a amamentação é a melhor opção.

Leia o comentário completo: o nível resume o risco, mas não substitui contexto clínico, dose, idade do bebê ou orientação profissional.

Outros nomes
d-Norgestrel. Norgestrel. Dexnorgestrel, Λεβονοργεστρέλη, ليفونورجاسترال + إيثينيلإيستراديول, Левоноргестрел, 左炔诺孕酮, レボノルゲストレル… Ver todos os 7
Marcas comerciais
28 mini, Duofem, Ecee2, Follistrel, Jadelle, Levelen, Levogynon, Levonova… Ver todas as 26
Procedência
Dados editoriais
Tradução
Pendente de revisão
Grupo ATC
G03AC
Fonte
Abrir original

Comentário

Contraceptivo progestagênio utilizado como produto único por via oral, implante subcutâneo, dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), ou na anticoncepção de emergência. Também é comercializado associado ao etinilestradiol por via oral. O levonorgestrel é um progestagênio, isômero e metabólito ativo do norgestrel, ambos derivados da nortestosterona. Tanto por via oral quanto em DIU, é excretado no leite materno em quantidade clinicamente não significativa. (Hopelian 2021, Gainer 2007, Betrabet 1987, Heikkilä 1982 jan, Toddywalla 1980, Nilsson 1977, Saxena 1977). Não se observaram problemas no crescimento e desenvolvimento a curto e longo prazo nem alterações hormonais em bebês que mamam de mães tratadas com levonorgestrel. (Polakow 2013, Shaamash 2005, Schiappacasse 2002, Diaz 1997, WHO 1994, McCann 1989, Shikary 1986, Affandi 1986, Diaz 1985, Abdulla 1985, Shaaban 1985, Heikkilä 1982 mar). Os níveis no plasma desses bebês que mamam foram muito baixos, entre 3% e 13% dos níveis séricos maternos simultâneos. (Bassol 2002, Patel 1994, Betrabet 1987, Shikary 1987, Shaaban 1986, Nilsson 1977). Observou-se diminuição de TSH em mães portadoras 6 meses de implantes de levonorgestrel e em seus bebês que eram amamentados (Bassol 2002), embora a TSH não estivesse abaixo do limite da normalidade. O levonorgestrel e os progestagênios em geral são considerados os anticoncepcionais de escolha durante a amamentação já que não alteram a quantidade nem composição do leite nem provocam efeitos colaterais, nem afetam o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos bebês que mamam nem à duração da amamentação. (Hopelian 2021, Goulding 2018, Polakow 2013, Bahamondes 2013, Urzica 2013, Kapp 2010, Shaamash 2005, Moretti 2000, Dorea 2000, 1999 e 1998, WHO 1994). Foi publicada proteção contra a perda de massa óssea materna com o uso de anticoncepcionais de só progestagênio. (Costa 2012, Caird 1994). A inserção precoce, pós-parto versus a 4ª-6ª semana, de um dispositivo intrauterino com levonorgestrel ou de um implante não se associa a diminuição da frequência ou duração da amamentação nem tem efeitos no crescimento do bebê que mama (Abdelhakim 2019, Averbach 2019, Turok 2017), nem na composição do leite materno (Hopelian 2021). Um autor encontrou menor duração da amamentação com inserção de DIU precoce. (Chen 2011). A inserção precoce de DIU frente à tardia tem maior risco de expulsão do DIU; a amamentação se associa com menor risco de expulsão do DIU. (Armstrong 2022). Durante a amamentação são preferíveis os anticoncepcionais com só progestagênio aos combinados com estrogênio e, neste caso, os de menor dose de estrogênio. (CDC 2016, 2013 e 2010, WHO 2015, Altshuler 2015, Berens 2015, CLM 2012). As primeiras 4-6 semanas pós-parto os métodos não hormonais são de primeira escolha, seguido de DIUs e implantes de progestagênios. (Berens 2015, Mwalwanda 2013, Rowe 2013). Os implantes e DIU de progesterona são mais eficazes para prevenir a gravidez que as pílulas orais de só progestagênio. (Sackeim 2019). Diversas sociedades médicas e consensos de especialistas consideram seguro o uso desta medicação durante a amamentação. (CDC 2016, 2013 e 2010, Phillips 2016, Berens 2015, WHO-OMS 2015, Mwalwanda 2013, FFPRHC 2004, Haldeman 2002, Díaz 2002). Academia Americana de Pediatria: medicação usualmente compatível com a amamentação. (AAP 2001). Lista de medicamentos essenciais OMS 2002: compatível com a amamentação a partir da 6ª semana após o parto. (WHO 2002). Pode consultar abaixo a informação destes produtos relacionados: Etinilestradiol + levonorgestrel (Bastante seguro. Efeitos adversos leves ou pouco prováveis. Compatível em determinadas circunstâncias. Acompanhamento recomendado. Leia o comentário.) Levonorgestrel anticonceptivo de emergência (Produto seguro e/ou a amamentação é a melhor opção.)

Outros nomes e marcas

Sinônimos e grafias 7
  • d-Norgestrel. Norgestrel. Dexnorgestrel
  • Λεβονοργεστρέλη
  • ليفونورجاسترال + إيثينيلإيستراديول
  • Левоноргестрел
  • 左炔诺孕酮
  • レボノルゲストレル
  • G03AD01
Marcas comerciais na fonte 26
  • 28 mini
  • Duofem
  • Ecee2
  • Follistrel
  • Jadelle
  • Levelen
  • Levogynon
  • Levonova
  • Microlut
  • Microluton
  • Microval
  • Mikro-30
  • Minipil
  • Mirena
  • Mirena IUD
  • Norgeal
  • Norgeston
  • Norgestrel Max
  • Norplant
  • Nortrel
  • Ovrette
  • Progyluton
  • Rigesoft
  • Seasonal
  • Tace (Chile)
  • Triquilar

Farmacocinética

VariávelValorUnidade
Biodisp. oral100%
Peso Molecular312daltons
Unión proteínas97%
Vd1,8 - 2,3l/Kg
pKa17,91-
Tmax1 - 2horas
24 - 45horas
Índice L/P0,4-
Dosis Teórica0,00005 - 0,00015mg/Kg/d
Dosis Relativa0,1 - 1%

Bibliografia

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Como ler os níveis

  1. CompatívelSeguro, melhor opção
  2. Compatibilidade provávelBastante seguro
  3. Compatibilidade limitadaPouco seguro
  4. IncompatívelMuito inseguro

A cor ajuda a localizar o nível; o símbolo, o rótulo e o texto trazem a mesma informação.