Leitura clínica
Comentário
Antirretroviral inibidor da transcriptase reversa análogo de nucleotídeo (ITIN), estruturalmente relacionado com a timidina, com atividade contra o HIV. Administração oral em duas doses diárias. Há também apresentação intravenosa. É excretada no leite materno em quantidade clinicamente não significativa. (Ramírez 2018, Corbett 2014, Shapiro 2013 y 2005, Palombi 2012, Mirochnick 2009, Giuliano 2007) Em lactentes de mães que tomam zidovudina, podem ocorrer anemia e neutropenia não graves nos primeiros meses de vida. (Dryden 2011, Bae 2008). Salvo em um caso (Shapiro 2005), os níveis plasmáticos desses lactentes foram indetectáveis (Corbett 2014, Shapiro 2013, Palombi 2012, Mirochnick 2009) ou muito baixos. (Palombi 2012) Durante a amamentação, são preferíveis outros tratamentos contra o HIV/AIDS. (Panel 2022, WHO 2016) Pode consultar abaixo a informação deste produto relacionado: HIV-AIDS materno. Infecção materna por HIV (Bastante seguro. Efeitos adversos leves ou pouco prováveis. Compatível em determinadas circunstâncias. Acompanhamento recomendado. Leia o Comentário.)
Encontrabilidade
Outros nomes e marcas
Sinônimos e grafias 7
- Azidotimidina (AZT)
- ζιδοβουδίνη
- زيدوفودين
- Зидовудин
- 齐多夫定
- ジドブジン
- J05AF01
Marcas comerciais na fonte 26
- 3-TC/AZT
- 3TC Complex
- Biovir (Brasil)
- Combivir
- Combivir (Комбивир)
- Combivudin (Комбівудин)
- Crisazet
- Kess Complex
- Lazinevir
- Muvidina
- Muvidina Plus
- Novavir
- Retrovir
- Retrovir (Ретровир)
- Retrovir (立妥威)
- Revirax
- Trizivir
- Virocomb (Вірокомб)
- Virocomb-E
- Zetavudin
- Zetrotax
- Zidoh
- Zidolam
- Zidomuv
- Ziduvine
- Zivir
Dados da fonte
Farmacocinética
| Variável | Valor | Unidade |
|---|---|---|
| Biodisp. oral | 52 - 75 | % |
| Peso Molecular | 267 | daltons |
| Unión proteínas | 34 - 38 | % |
| Vd | 1,6 ± 0,6 | l/Kg |
| pKa | 9,96 | - |
| Tmax | 1 - 1,5 | horas |
| T½ | 1,1 (0,5 - 2,9) | horas |
| Índice L/P | 0,7 - 3,2 | - |
| Dosis Teórica | 0,001 - 0,03 | mg/Kg/d |
| Dosis Relativa | 0,014 - 0,35 | % |
Rastreabilidade
Bibliografia
- Panel on Treatment of HIV During Pregnancy and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States. Department of Health and Human Services. 2024 Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Ramírez-Ramírez A, Sánchez-Serrano E, Loaiza-Flores G, Plazola-Camacho N, Rodríguez-Delgado RG, Figueroa-Damián R, Domínguez-Castro M, López-Martínez M, Flores-García Z, Hernández-Pineda J. Simultaneous quantification of four antiretroviral drugs in breast milk samples from HIV-positive women by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. PLoS One. 2018 Jan 19;13(1):e0191236. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- WHO - World Health Organization Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. Guideline. 2016 Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original) Texto completo (en nuestros servidores)
- Corbett AH, Kayira D, White NR, Davis NL, Kourtis AP, Chasela C, Martinson F, Phiri G, Musisi B, Kamwendo D, Hudgens MG, Hosseinipour MC, Nelson JA, Ellington SR, Jamieson DJ, van der Horst C, Kashuba A; BAN Study Team.. Antiretroviral pharmacokinetics in mothers and breastfeeding infants from 6 to 24 weeks post-partum: results of the BAN Study. Antivir Ther. 2014;19(6):587-95. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Pandhi D, Ailawadi P. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Indian J Sex Transm Dis. 2014 Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original) Texto completo (en nuestros servidores)
- Hirnschall G, Harries AD, Easterbrook PJ, Doherty MC, Ball A. The next generation of the World Health Organization's global antiretroviral guidance. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original) Texto completo (en nuestros servidores)
- Shapiro RL, Rossi S, Ogwu A, Moss M, Leidner J, Moffat C, Lockman S, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Capparelli E. Therapeutic levels of lopinavir in late pregnancy and abacavir passage into breast milk in the Mma Bana Study, Botswana. Antivir Ther. 2013;18(4):585-90. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Palombi L, Pirillo MF, Andreotti M, Liotta G, Erba F, Sagno JB, Maulidi M, Ceffa S, Jere H, Marchei E, Pichini S, Galluzzo CM, Marazzi MC, Vella S, Giuliano M. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for breastfeeding transmission in Malawi: drug concentrations, virological efficacy and safety. Antivir Ther. 2012;17(8):1511-9. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Dryden-Peterson S, Shapiro RL, Hughes MD, Powis K, Ogwu A, Moffat C, Moyo S, Makhema J, Essex M, Lockman S. Increased risk of severe infant anemia after exposure to maternal HAART, Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Apr 15;56(5):428-36. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Mirochnick M, Thomas T, Capparelli E, Zeh C, Holland D, Masaba R, Odhiambo P, Fowler MG, Weidle PJ, Thigpen MC. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Mar;53(3):1170-6. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Rezk NL, White N, Bridges AS, Abdel-Megeed MF, Mohamed TM, Moselhy SS, Kashuba AD. Studies on antiretroviral drug concentrations in breast milk: validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of 7 anti-human immunodeficiency virus medications. Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Oct;30(5):611-9. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Bae WH, Wester C, Smeaton LM, Shapiro RL, Lockman S, Onyait K, Thior I, Essex M. Hematologic and hepatic toxicities associated with antenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy among infants. AIDS. 2008 Aug 20;22(13):1633-40. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Giuliano M, Guidotti G, Andreotti M, Pirillo MF, Villani P, Liotta G, Marazzi MC, Mancini MG, Cusato M, Germano P, Loureiro S, Ceffa S, Regazzi M, Vella S, Palombi L. Triple antiretroviral prophylaxis administered during pregnancy and after delivery significantly reduces breast milk viral load: a study within the Drug Resource Enhancement Against AIDS and Malnutrition Program. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007 Mar 1;44(3):286-91. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- Shapiro RL, Holland DT, Capparelli E, Lockman S, Thior I, Wester C, Stevens L, Peter T, Essex M, Connor JD, Mirochnick M. Antiretroviral concentrations in breast-feeding infants of women in Botswana receiving antiretroviral treatment. J Infect Dis. 2005 Sep 1;192(5):720-7. Epub 2005 Jul 27. Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original)
- WHO / UNICEF. BREASTFEEDING AND MATERNAL MEDICATION Recommendations for Drugs in the Eleventh WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (WHO/UNICEF) 2002 Resumen Texto completo (enlace a fuente original) Texto completo (en nuestros servidores)